王夫之《乾》卦阐释的两个面向

Two Aspects of Wang Fuzhi's Interpretation on the Qian Diagram

王夫之将乾所代表的主动性、根源性、健顺一体性与"道"会通起来,旨在建立一个健动、主有的本体,反对佛老的虚空、阴柔。在对"元亨利贞"的发挥中,着力树立"四德可德,而智不可德"的理论,以此反对孤明、巧慧、重智轻德的世风。强调乾的普利万物的性格,把它作为天道固有的生生之几的自然贯彻,以此反对功利主义。这些阐释面向是王夫之总结明亡教训,重建健动笃实的中国文化这一意向的鲜明体现。

Wang Fuzhi integrated the initiative, the originality, and the unity of energeticness and gentleness represented by the Qian diagram with natural law, aiming at constituting an energetic and autonomous ontology, in opposition to the void of Buddhism and Taoism. In the elaboration of the four virtues of yuan, heng, li and zhen（ creation, prosperity, harmony and uprightness） , Wang energetically erected the theory that the four virtues of Ren, Yi, Li and Xin（benevolence, righteousness, propriety and honesty） are virtuous, but Zhi（wisdom） is not a virtue, thus opposing such common practice of society as thinking only oneself wise, being artfully intelligent, and being in favour of wisdom instead of virtues. Wang emphasized Qian＇ s character of being beneficial to everything in the world, and regarded it as a natural coherence of life opportunity inherent in natural law, and applied it in opposition to utilitarianism. The two aspects of Wang＇ s interpretation on the Qian diagram embodied how Wang summed up the historical lessons drawn from the decline of the Ming Dynasty, and how he intended to rebuild an energetic and realistic Chinese culture.