盛唐“齐梁体”诗及相关问题考论

A Discussion on the Qi-Liang-Style Poetry in the Heyday of the Tang Dynasty and its Relevant Issues

"齐梁体"诗是盛唐诗人在近体律诗定型后刻意仿效齐梁诗风或诗律而创作的一种新诗体。岑参《夜过磐豆隔河望永乐寄闺中效齐梁体》诗不仅在表现题材和诗情、诗境等方面效齐梁赠妇寄闺之作,而且在写法上也通篇皆对、假物比象,充分体现了"齐梁体"绮秀映带的艺术特点。王昌龄《诗格》"齐梁调声"条反映了盛唐人对"齐梁体"诗调声之术的初步认识和理论总结,后人谓唐代即有"齐梁调诗"是对此书原文的误读。杜甫戏作的"吴体诗"《愁》与唐人所作、所论"齐梁体"在诗歌体式和格律方面均有显著之差异,"吴体"与"齐梁体"是截然不同的两种诗体。盛唐人之所以不太热衷创作"齐梁体"诗,存在主客观两方面的因素,而时人普遍对齐梁绮靡诗风和严苛诗律持批判态度是其中主要原因。

The Qi-Liang-style poetry was a new style of poetry written by the poets in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, who intentionally imitated the Qi-Liang style after the form of the regulated poetry was established. In his poem entitled To My Wife in Yongle When I passed Pandou at Night and Looked Across the River, Cen Sen not only imitated the Qi-Liang-style love poems for wife from the respects of theme, poetic emotion and poetic imagery, but also presented many couplets and metaphors in his writing. In his book entitled Poetic Style, Wang Changling reflected the primary understanding and theoretical summary of his time about the technique of the Qi-Liang-style poetry. But the later people misread the original meaning implied in Wang Changling＇ s book. Du Fu＇ s Sorrow written in the Wu style was totally different in poetic form and metric pattern from other people＇s poems written in the Qi-Liang style and many comments about the Qi-Liang style. There were subjective and objective factors accounting for why the poets in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty were not enthusiastic about writing poems in the Qi-Liang style. Among them, the main reason was that people generally took a critical attitude towards the Qi-Liang style and the complicated rules of poem-writing in the Qi and Liang Periods.