《四声指归》与唐前声病说

Sisheng Zhigui and the Theory on Phonological Errors before the Tang Dynasty

刘善经《四声指归》是唐前声病说的重要文献。《四声指归》保留有沈约、刘滔、王斌等大量齐梁声病遗说,他们至少论述了平头、上尾、蜂腰、鹤膝、傍纽、正纽等六种病,结合其他材料,可以知道齐梁时代存在八病之说,并且与沈约有关系。从刘善经《四声指归》,可以了解沈约、刘滔、王斌等齐梁声病说的具体思想。《四声指归》自身对八病也有全面系统的阐述。它对病目有明确的定义,对八病有进一步阐发,既论诗之声病,也论文之声病,在八病之外,论及一些新的病目,有一些新的看法值得注意。《四声指归》大量吸收、采纳齐梁遗说甚至沈约遗说,但是也吸收了齐梁之后的材料和声病之说。可以说,《四声指归》是隋代以前声韵病犯说集大成的著作。在讨论声病说发展的时候,对产生于隋代的这部著作,我们应该给予更充分的评价。

Liu Shanjing＇ s Sisheng Zhigui was an important document about the theory on phonological errors before the Tang Dynasty. This book retains a lot of theories on phonological errors, which were put forward by Shen Yue, Liu Tao and Wang Bin from the Qi and Liang Periods. In this book, at least six kinds of phonological errors were discussed. From other materials, we know there were eight kinds of phonological errors in the Qi and Liang Periods, and all of them were related with Shen Yue. From Liu Shanjing＇ s Sisheng Zhigui, we can understand Shen Yue, Liu Tao and Wang Bin＇ s ideas in detail about the theory on phonological errors from the Qi and Liang Periods. Sisheng Zhigui also made an all-round and systematic elaboration of eight kinds of phonological errors. It clearly defined these phonological errors, discussed the phonological errors found both in poems and proses, and talked about some new types of phonological errors. Furthermore, it not only gathered and absorbed the theories on phonological errors from the Qi and Liang Periods as well as Shen Yue＇ s theory, but also absorbed materials and theories on phonological errors in the post-Qi and Liang Periods. In one word, this book was a comprehensive collection about the theory on phonological errors before the Sui Dynasty.