国际地下实验室发展综述

A review of international underground laboratory developments

地下实验室是开展粒子物理学、天体物理学及宇宙学等领域一些重大基础性前沿课题的重要研究场所和良好的低本底环境,建设和发展地下实验室对于一个国家的基础科学研究具有重要科学意义.目前,国际上许多国家都已经建立起地下实验室,而中国一直没有很好的地下实验室,特别是极深地下实验室.2009年,清华大学与二滩水电开发有限责任公司开展战略合作,利用锦屏山隧道建立中国首个世界最深的地下实验室--中国锦屏地下实验室(China Jinping Underground Laboratory,CJPL),并于2010年12月12日正式启用.中国锦屏地下实验室的建成,标志着中国已经具备开展物理学重大基础前沿科学研究的自主地下实验平台,对于推动我国相关领域的重大基础前沿课题的自主研究意义重大.文章对国际上一些重要地下实验室的情况进行了介绍,并对中国锦屏地下实验室的基本情况进行了介绍.

Underground laboratories are essential for various important physics areas such as the search for dark matter,double beta decay,neutrino oscillation,and proton decay.At the same time,they are also a very important location for studying rock mechanics,earth structure evolution,and ecology.It is essential for a nation＇s basic research capability to construct and develop underground laboratories.In the past,China had no high-quality underground laboratory,in particular no deep underground laboratory,so her scientists could not work independently in major fields such as the search for dark matter,but had to collaborate with foreign scientists and share the space of foreign underground laboratories.In 2009,Tsinghua university collaborated with the Ertan Hydropower Development Company to construct an extremely deep underground laboratory,the first in China and currently the deepest in the world,in the Jinping traffic tunnel which was built to develop hydropower from the Yalong River in Sichuan province.This laboratory is named the China Jinping Underground Laborotory（CJPL） and formally opened on December 12,2010.It is now a major independent platform in China and can host various leading basic research projects.We present a brief review of the development of various international underground laboratories,and especially describe CJPL in detail.