生态美学的理论危机与再造路径

Theoretical Crisis of Ecological Aesthetics and its Path of Reconstruction

最近数年,国内的生态美学研究虽然维持着表面的繁荣,但理论上已经疲态渐显。主要原因在于它长期停滞于对人与自然关系的一般讨论,对如何从美学角度切入生态问题一直缺乏有效的手段。生态美学虽然关注人与自然的关系及人的生存问题,但对象性的自然依然应是其思考的重心。以此为背景,科学认知的方法是奠基性的,它有助于匡正生态美学研究的玄学化倾向;哲学思辨的方法也同样重要,但应聚集于生态美学专属的理论区域,而不可无限放大。与此对应,精神生态学专注于审美主体的精神成长问题,为国内生态美学研究开了新境,但精神生态奠基于身体生态,这意味着精神生态美学必然是从身体出发的美学。同时,人的身体性也即人的自然性,人与自然因长期分裂导致的生态危机,可以借助身体问题的讨论实现统一。

Despite its concern with the relationship between men and nature,ecological aesthetics focuses its consideration on natural objectivity.Based on this understanding,the means of scientific cognition ought to be introduced as foundation,for it helps rectify the metaphysic orientation of ecological aesthetic study.Moreover,a philosophic speculative means is equally important,which should,however,be applied in the specific theoretical field of the scholarship with no uncontrollable amplification.In response to ecological aesthetics,psychic ecology concentrates its concern with the physical growth of the aesthetic subject,thus opening up a totally new area of ecological aesthetic study.However,psychic ecology bases its consideration on human physical ecology,meaning aesthetics of psychic ecology must be an aesthetics derived from human body.Accordingly,human body stands for the naturality of human physicalness,so study of human physical ecology will help harmonize the ecological crisis out of long-term separation of men from nature.