李贺诗歌与唐代外来文明

Li He's Poetry and Exotic Cultures in the Tang Dynasty

唐代国际交流频繁,并对异族风物多所延纳并容。美国汉学家谢弗所著的《撒马尔罕的金桃——唐朝的舶来品研究》一书中就记载了18类1、70余种唐朝的外来物品,其中所涉及的唐代诗人诗歌中的外来风物以李贺最为突出。李贺诗歌中大量描写了唐代外来风物诸如胡床、胡乐、香料、毛毯、丝织品等。李贺诗歌中大量描写外来文明,缘于三个方面的原因:一是李贺处于特定的历史时代而产生了猎奇和追忆盛世繁华的心态;二是李贺苦闷的心理造就了他对宇宙人生等形而上问题的思索,外来物品充当着他认识外在世界的媒介;三是李贺与韩愈、孟郊等人的交往,使他的诗歌染上了一层虚荒诞幻的色彩,这也是他诗歌中大量出现外来风物的一个原因。

The Tang Dynasty enjoyed frequent international exchange and managed to accept and tolerate many foreign customs and conventions.Samarkand＇s Golden Peaches——A Study of Objects Imported from the Tang Dynasty,a work contributed by Schaffer,an American scholar of Chinese study,recorded 18 varieties and 170 kind of imported objects from the Tang Dynasty,of which the foreign customs and conventions that appeared in Li He＇s poems were the most of all borrowed poems from the Tang Dynasty.Li He＇s poems gave a great amount of description to imported objects in the Tang Dynasty such as the barbarian bed,the barbarian music,spices,blanket and silk fabrics.Such was the case with Li＇s poems for three reasons.First of all,living and writing in a special historical period,Li He had strong curiosity about something peculiar and reminiscent desire for past prosperous ages and flourishing society.Next,Li＇s anguishing psychology drove him contemplate deeply on those metaphysical issues,such as the universe and human life,and as a result,those imported objects served as media for him to perceive external world.Finally,because of his contact with Han Yu,Meng Jiao and the like,his poems were coloured with an illusory and fatanstic layer,which was responsible for large quantities of imported objects that appeared in his poems.