汉学主义：中国知识生产的方法论之批判

Sinologism:A Critique of Methodologies in China Knowledge Production

汉学主义是一个新概念,研究对象是中国知识生产中出现的总体性问题。汉学主义既是一个知识系统,又是知识生产的一种实践理论。前者主要包括了西方研究中偏离中国文明实际状况而产生的纷繁复杂的现象,而后者则涉及了全世界,尤其是西方和中国在生产关于中国文化的知识时所采用的有问题的认识论和方法论。从整体上看,它是建立在以西方为中心的种种观点、概念、理论、方法和范式构成的总体基础之上的,其理论核心是认识论和方法论的他者殖民与自我殖民。汉学主义赖以产生的背景和心态,思维定势与方法论,以及一些西方重要思想家和学者如何在他们的著作中奠定其方法论的表现,都需要进一步研究,以摆脱这种思维习惯和研究方法。

Sinologism is a new concept whose object of inquiry is the general problematics in knowledge production about China. It is both a system of knowledge and a practical theory of knowledge production. The former mainly covers a heterogeneous array of complex phenomena arising from misrepresentations of the actual conditions of Chinese civilization in China-West studies;while the latter refers to the problematic epistemology and methodology employed by the whole world,especially the West and China in the knowledge production about Chinese culture. As a whole,it is predicated on a totality of ideas,concepts,theories,methods,and paradigms grounded in Western-centrism. Its theoretical core is epistemological and methodological colonization by the West and self-colonization by the non-Western world. This article will explore the intellectual background and mentality for its rise,its ways of thinking and methodology,its various manifestations in the works of some leading Western thinkers and scholars. It also attempts to offer suggestions for ways out of this intellectual habit and methodology.