家庭暴力受虐者的求助方式研究

An analysis of victim＇ s help-seeking behavior of domestic violence

目的分析家庭暴力受虐者的求助方式。方法采取多级分层抽样方法，用自编家庭暴力求助方式问卷，对306名家庭暴力受虐者进行访谈。结果33．7％的家庭暴力受虐者感到无处求助。受虐者的求助对象居前3位的依次为：家庭其他成员（34．6％）、邻居亲友（17．0％）和村／居委会（12．5％），其中向村／居委会求助的有效率最高（71.1％）。城市受虐者向家庭其他成员和妇联的求助率高于农村和工业区（向家庭其他成员求助率44．6％，35．8％和23．o％，χ^2=9．962；向妇联求助率8．9％，0和2．0％，χ^2=10．310，均P〈0．01），农村受虐者向村／居委会的求助率高于城市和工业区（30．3％，3．0％和2．0％，χ^2=49．397，P〈0．01）。男性受虐者的求助对象居前3位的依次为：家庭其他成员（27．3％）、村／居委会（15．8％）和邻居亲友（10．9％），女性则为：家庭其他成员（38．0％）、邻居亲友（20．0％）和村／居委会（10．8％），女性向邻居亲友的求助率高于男性（20．0％，10．9％，χ^2=3．980，P〈0．05）。成年受虐者向家庭其他成员求助率低于儿童和老年者（31．6％，42．0％和46．9％，χ^2=5．993，P〈0．05），老年受虐者向村／居委会的求助率高于成年和儿童（28．1％，12．1％和4．0％，χ^2=9．930，P〈0．01）。大学及以上文化程度者的无处求助率最高（47．8％），向家庭其他成员和村／居委会的求助率均以小学文化者最高（分别为38．5％和24．0％），大学及以上文化者最低（分别为17．4％和0）。结论家庭暴力受虐者的求助方式因地域、年龄、性别和文化程度不同而有所差异。

Objective To analysis the victim＇ s help-seeking behavior of domestic violence. Methods Using a multi-stage sampling strategy,306 victims of domestic violence were randomly selected and face-to-face interviewed. A self-designed help-seeking questionnaire of domestic violence was administered. Results 33.7% victims felt nowhere to seek help. The three leading helpers they seek were the other family member （34.6%） , neighbor and friend（ 17.0% ） and community office （ 12.5% ） , and the community office had highest prevalence of effect （71.1% ）. The prevalence of seeking help from other family member and Women＇ s Federation were highest in urban victims （P〈 0.01 ） ,and seeking help from community office was highest in rural victims （P〈 0.01 ）. The three leading helpers were other family member （27.3%） , community office （ 15.8% ） and neighbor and friend （ 10.9% ） by male victims ,and other family member （38.0%） ,neighbor and friend （20.0%） and community office （ 10.8% ） by female victims. The prevalence of seeking help from neighbor and friend was higher in female than in male （20.0% vs 10.9% χ^2=3. 980, P〈 0.05）. Adult victims seek help from other family member were less than children and the elderly （31.6% vs 42.0% and 46.9% ,χ^2= 5. 993, P 〈 0.05 ） , and the elderly seek help from community office were more than adults and children （28.1% vs 12.1% and 4.0% , χ^2= 9. 930, P 〈 0.01）. The victims with higher level of education were with higher prevalence of feeling nowhere to seek help （47.8%）. Seeking help from other family member and community office were most in victims with lower level of education（38.5% and 24.0% ,respectively） and were least in victims with higher level of education （ 17.4% and 0,respectively, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Help-seeking behaviors of victims of domestic violence are varied by geographic settings, age, gender and education levels.