中国外来入侵植物的风险评价及空间分布格局

Risk Assessment of Alien Invasive Plants in China and ITS Spatial Distribution Patterns

外来入侵植物的风险评价具有重要的现实意义和理论意义.该研究对中国100种重要的外来入侵植物进行风险评价,并对其空间分布格局进行分析.结果表明:属于低风险和极高风险的外来入侵植物所占比例较小,而大多数外来入侵植物的风险等级介于两者之间.外来入侵植物的物种数量从南到北呈降低趋势.在中国南方地区,外来入侵植物所造成的风险相对较大;而风险相对较小的地区主要包括中国北方地区以及西藏、青海等高海拔地区.南方地区外来入侵植物的物种丰富度较高,但高风险物种所占比例较小;而北方地区和高海拔地区的外来入侵植物物种数量相对较少,但其中大多数具有较高的风险性.南方地区是中国外来入侵植物防控的重要地区,但考虑到生态系统的脆弱性,北方地区和高海拔地区外来入侵植物的防控也不容忽视.

Risk assessment is of great importance in practice and theory.Based on literature and previous studies,risk indices of 100 alien invasive plant species in Yunnan and their spatial distribution were evaluated.The results showed that the majority of the alien invasive plants were moderately dangerous,and the minority was of low risk or extremely high risk.Species richness of alien invasive plants tended to decrease from south to north.Similar patterns were observed on the risk caused by alien invasive plants.Though there were small numbers of alien invasive plants species in the northern part of China and the regions of high altitude,the majority of them were highly risky.On account of economic and ecological costs,the southern part of China was the focus of the control practice of alien invasive plants.But the control in North China and regions of high altitude should not be underestimated.The results showed that species with high risk included the species which are in the list of plant species strictly prohibited by Chinese government,which may indicate that the result on this study was fairly reliable.