水肥耦合对盆栽丽格海棠生长及品质的影响

Effects of water and fertilizer on the growth and quality of potted Begonia×elatior

【目的】降低丽格海棠盆花生产成本并提高水肥利用率,实现丽格海棠盆花生产的精准控制。【方法】在现代化温室进行丽格海棠的盆栽试验,利用水、肥2因子二次通用旋转组合设计方法,共设13个处理,每处理20盆,研究浇水频率和施肥量对丽格海棠生物量、株高、冠幅、花朵数和开花持续时间的影响。【结果】分别以生物量、株高、冠幅、花朵数和开花持续时间为目标函数建立回归方程,经检验水、肥2因子对丽格海棠的生长指标和品质指标均有明显影响;主因素效应分析结果表明,施肥量对各指标的影响大于浇水频率,并得出测定指标最优时的浇水频率和施肥量;通过单因素效应分析,得到了水、肥2因子对丽格海棠生长指标和品质指标的作用规律。【结论】在3份锯末＋1份蛭石的基质配方中,栽培丽格海棠盆花的最佳水、肥供应模式为：基质含水量为57.58%~70.00%时浇水,浇水量为375.00 mL/盆,施肥量为561.26~625.00 mg/盆。

【Objective】 The research was conducted to reduce the production cost and improve the utilization rate of water and fertilizer to realize the precise control of potted Begonia×elatior in a modern greenhouse.【Method】 The effect of different watering frequencies and fertilizer amounts on the biomass,plant height,crown diameter,flower number and days of blooming of B.×elatior was studied by pot culture and quadratic general rotary design.The experiment included thirteen treatments,and each treatment was replicated twenty times.【Result】 The regression models were established by taking the biomass,plant height,crown diameter,flower number and days of blooming of B.×elatior as objective function.The effect of water and fertilizer on the growth index and quality indexes was significant by inspection.The results of main factor analysis indicated the effect of fertilizer amount was greater than that of watering frequency,and the value of watering frequency and fertilizer amount matching the optimal indexes was conducted as well.The action law of water and fertilizer on the growth index and quality indexes of B.×elatior was obtained by single factor analysis.【Conclusion】 The optimal project for potted B.×elatior in growing medium V（sawdust）∶V（vermiculite）=3∶1 was watering when the water content of medium was 57.58%-70.00%,the water amount was 375.00 mL per pot,and the fertilizer amount was 561.26-625.00 mg per pot.