空间飞行诱导绿菜花的花粉母细胞染色体畸变研究

Chromosome Aberration of Pollen Mother Cell of Broccoli(Brassica oleralea var.Italica) Induced by Space Flight.

目的研究空间飞行处理对绿菜花的细胞学效应和引起植物突变的原因及作用机理。方法种子经科学返回式卫星搭载飞行８ｄ回收后种植，研究其种子长成植株的生长情况及其生长势，并用朱澄１９８２年的方法对其花粉母细胞的减数分裂行为进行染色压片观察。花粉样品用乳酸苯酚染色测定花粉育性。结果绿菜花抽苔开花提前，叶片的蜡质减少，并观察到其花粉母细胞减数分裂的终变期的染色体数目不均等分离：如减少ｎ＝６，７或增加ｎ＝１１（地面对照的染色体数目ｎ＝９），并出现倒位和易位染色体；在花粉母细胞减数分裂的后期和末期出现落后的染色体。结论经卫星搭载处理的绿菜花，抽苔开花提前，叶片的蜡质减少，其花粉母细胞的染色体产生畸变。

Objective To study the cytogenetic effect of space flight on broccoli seeds and the mechanism of mutations of the plant. Method Dry seeds of broccoli were sent to the space on board a recoverable satellite for 8 days.After recovery the seeds were planted in the field.Chromosome behaviour of pollen mother cell (PMC) samples were observed following the method of ZHU Cheng,1982. Pollen samples were stained and embeded in lacto phenol fuchsin for fertility determination. Result Unequal chromosome numbers of broccoli's PMC were found in the diakinesis stage,such as reducing n=6,7 or increasing n=11(earth control number is n=9);inversion or translocation of chromosomes occurred, and lagging chromosome were found in the anaphase and telophase of PMC meiosis growing rate and growing potential of the seeds were observed after recovery. Conclusion Leaves cexaceous decrease and aberrations in the chromosome of PMC are found in broccoli after space flight.