急性轻、中度缺氧对人的短时记忆能力的影响

Effects of Acute Mild and Moderate Hypoxia on Human Short Memory.

目的研究急性轻、中度缺氧对人的短时记忆能力绩效的影响。方法利用低压舱模拟２８００ｍ、３６００ｍ及４４００ｍ高度缺氧暴露１ｈ，考察１８名健康男性青年的记忆长廊、记忆扫描、连续识别记忆和空间记忆测验绩效的变化。结果与正常对照值相比较，２８００ｍ缺氧暴露１ｈ，连续识别记忆的综合绩效已显著低于对照值（Ｐ＜０．０１）。３６００ｍ暴露１ｈ各项测验的反应时间明显延长（Ｐ＜０．０１），综合绩效显著降低，但记忆扫描和空间记忆测验的错误率并无显著改变（Ｐ＞０．０５）。４４００ｍ暴露１ｈ各项测验综合绩效进一步降低，仅为对照值的９０．４％、９３．７％、８３．３％和８０．７％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。错误率也显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论在２８００ｍ高度水平的急性轻、中度缺氧即对短时记忆能力有一定影响，且随着高度增加而加重，不同测验项目受影响的特性和阈值不同，但都首先表现为反应时的延长。

Objective To investigate the effects of acute mild and moderate hypoxia on human short memory. Method Tests of pattern memory,scanning memory,continuous recognition memory and space memory were conducted on 18 healthy young male subjects during exposure to 300 m(control),2800 m,3600 m and 4400 m altitude in hypobaric chamber. Result Compared to control group,only the performance of continous recognition memory decreased significantly after exposure to 2800 m for 1 h(P<0.05);total reaction time in all tests increased significantly (P<0.01) and performance decreased after exposure to 3600 m for 1 h,but the error rates in memory scanning and space memory test were unchanged (P>0.05);during exposure to 4400 m performance of all tests decreased further to about 90.4%,93.7%,83.3% and 80.7% of the control values(P<0.01),respectively,and error rate increased significantly too(P<0.05). Conclusion Performance of human short memory decreased after exposure to acute mild and moderate hypoxia for 1 h,and these effects were aggravated with the increase of altitude.Characteristic and threshold of the effect on the various performance tests were different,but increase of reaction time was the first to appear in all cases.