中国东南沿海地区耕地资源保护与可持续利用

STUDY ON PROTECTION AND SUSTAINABLE USE OF THE CULTIVATED LAND IN THE COASTAL REGION OF SOUTH-EAST CHINA

我国东南沿海地区具有优越的地理区位和气候条件，加上地区开发历史悠久，已成为中国经济最发达的地区之一。然而，近十多年来，由于经济以超常规速度发展，第二、三产业的发展速度大幅度加快，人多地少的矛盾日益突出，导致耕地面积不断萎缩，耕地质量不断下降，利用率和产出率显著滑坡，滥占耕地、占而不用及闲置浪费的现象相当普遍。以浙江省乐清市为例，近年来耕地以平均每年１．２％的速率在减少，目前人均耕地不足０．０２３ｈｍ２．土地利用率仅２８．８％．而且后备耕地资源又不容乐观。为了扭转这一局面，必须切实贯彻执行新《土地管理法》关于耕地保护的政策法规，加大宏观调控和执法的力度，端正发展农业及非农业以及内需与外需关系的认识。此外，要重视开展区域土地资源利用的优化配置研究。

With its favorable geographical location and climatic condition as well as long history of economic development, the coastal region in southeastern China has become one of the most developed economic regions in the country. However, following a development of the local economy with an ultra conventional velocity, a large scale acceleration of the industrial and the service sectors ,as well as an increasingly penetrating of the contradiction between the increase in population and the decrease in cultivated land, several serious problems have appeared in recent ten or more years, such as gradual decrease in area and degradation in quality of the cultivated land, notable descending in land utilization ratio and its productivity, and more and more frequent occurrence of the phenomena including use of cultivated land at will, occupying a cultivated land without use, and setting cultivated land aside. In Yueqing County of Zhejiang Province, for example, the cultivated land was decreased at 0.39% in area annually during the recent years. As a result, the cultivated land per capita has decreased to less than 0.023 hm 2 and the land utilization rate is only 28.8% at present. However, there is little reserved land for reclamation in the county. In order to reverse this situation, the policy and regulations for protection of cultivated land as contained in the ' Law for Land Management' revised recently by the Chinese Government have to be implemented conscientiously. The macroscopic adjustment and control on public affairs by the local authorities as well as the implementation of the relevant laws and regulations have to be further strengthened. The inappropriate understanding on the relations between agricultural development and non agricultural one as well as domestic demand and overseas one must be rectified. Moreover, more attention should be paid to the studies about optimized allocation of the land resources of the county.