K-ras与非小细胞肺癌的研究进展

Study of K-ras mutations in non-small-cell lung carcinoma

Ras蛋白(P21ras)属于鸟苷酸三磷酸酶(GTPase)家族成员,是细胞增殖、分化、分裂和凋亡的重要调节者。已经发现有20%～30%的非小细胞肺癌(non-smallcelllungcancer,NSCLC)存在K-ras基因突变,认为其在恶性发生中扮演了重要角色。20多年来许多研究认为K-ras基因突变可作为一个不良的预后标志,同样也有很多研究没能证实这一观点。研究进展的阻碍与相对小规模的研究,不同的分子分析方法,和组织来源的异源性、组织的不同亚型、分期、治疗和生存标准有关。最近发现NSCLC患者使用辅助治疗或者使用表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抑制剂都对病程有不同影响,K-ras基因是EGFR途径下游的一个重要信号分子,因此认为K-ras基因也是NSCLC一个重要的生物标志,值得进一步深入研究。

The Ras proteins or P21ras belong to the small guanosine triphosphatase（GTPase） superfamily. The Ras proteins are pivotal regulators of cellular proliferation, differentiation, motility, and apoptosis. Mutation on the K-ras gene have been found in 20%-30% of non-small cell lung cancers and are thought to play a key role in this malignancy. Many studies have supported that K-ras mutation as a negative prognostic marker two decades ago, but other studies have failed to comfirm this. K-ras gene is downstream of EGFR pathway as an important signaling molecule, however, recent findings among patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy or epidermal growth factor receptor inhibtors thought that K-ras might yet be an important biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer and worthy of further research.