目标与范式:日本农村社会保障制度之借鉴

THE GOAL AND PARADIGM:JAPANESE RURAL SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM AND REFERENCE POINTS ON CHINA

我国在构建农业现代化服务体系和推行土地制度改革等方面都受到农村社会保障制度不健全的制约。为完善我国农村社会保障制度,本文首先分析了日本农村社保制度,认为其基本经验可以为我所用。日本农村社保制度在改革过程中,目标追求方面体现由生存权到发展权的转变;发展模式方面体现由财政主导到社会化、产业化经营的转变;法律保障方面体现由实体法、公法保障到程序法、公私法并重的转变;内容选择方面体现由社会救济到以社会保险为主的转变。结合我国国情,我国农村社保制度应确立公平优先原则和发展权优先目标,选择政府与市场互动模式,坚持政策与法律协调的制度保障。

It is difficult to construct the service system of agricultural modernization and promote the land system reform for lack of the rural social security system.To improve the rural social security system,this paper considered it could be useful to refer to Japanese experience at first.In the process of the transform of the rural social insurance system in Japan,the pursuing goal changed from the right to live to the right to development;the development patterns changed from financial leadership to socialization and the industrialized operation;the legal safeguard changed from substantive law and public law,to procedural law,to public law and private law equally;and the content choice changed from social aid to social insurance.Finally combined with the current situation in China,we should establish the principle of equitable priority,choose the goal of developing right priority and take the interactive pattern of government and market,with the policy and legal coordination.