苗族民族认同的层级论——对苗族“蒙人”的个案研究

Hierarchy of Ethnic Recognition in Miao Ethnic Group——A case study of "Mongolian" in Miao ethnic group

少数民族的民族认同与国家认同,是民族研究与国家政治关注的问题。苗族蒙人的民族、国家认同的分层表现为一家人、仪式群、同一个火塘的弟兄、同姓、同为苗族的蒙人、同为苗族及对中国祖国的认同,不同的层级有不同的认同标准,其情感指向也有所不同。民族认同的归结点是血统的认同和祖根的回归,而苗族蒙人的血统是中国人,祖根的回归点是中国。因此对中国国家的认同是苗族蒙人最高级的认同。

Ethnic recognition and national recognition are the issues concerned by both ethnic studies and national politics.The hierarchy of ethnic recognition and national recognition of ＂Mongolian＂in Miao ethnic group are： of one family,of same ceremonial group,of brother with one Huotang,of one family name,of the same Mongolian in Miao ethnic group,of the Miao ethnic group,of one country（P.R.China.the motherland）.Different layer has its own recognition standard and their emotional directions are different.The terminusadquem of ethnic recognition is the blood lineage recognition and the recurrence to the ancestor while the bloodlineage of Mongolian in Miao ethnic group is the Chinese and the terminusadquem of the ancestor is from China.Therefore the recognition to the P.R.China is the highest recognition of Mongolian in Miao ethnic group.