不同时期主要恶性肿瘤对中国女性预期寿命影响的比较

Influence of malignant tumors on the life expectancy of Chinese females in different decades

目的比较1989年、1999年与2009年3个不同时期主要恶性肿瘤对中国女性预期寿命的影响,针对城乡及不同年龄段提出肿瘤防治重点,为改善中国女性生存质量提供参考依据。方法利用2010年中国卫生统计年鉴与1999年、1989年全国卫生统计年报资料的死亡资料,采用Excel软件计算和编制简略寿命表及去死因简略寿命表进行分析,比较因肿瘤损失的寿命和环比增长速度等指标的时间趋势及城乡、年龄差异。结果 1989-2009年这20年间,城乡女性恶性肿瘤死亡率以及因恶性肿瘤损失的寿命一直增加。2009年,城乡肺癌均排序第1位,乳腺癌位次上升到前5位,胃癌排位均有明显下降。目前,城市肺癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌位居前5位,农村前5位恶性肿瘤与城市相同,而肝癌位于第2。乳腺癌50岁以下各年龄段随时间推移其寿命损失的绝对值均高于老年组,寿命损失环比增长速度各年龄段均是农村高于城市。结论对中国女性预期寿命影响最大的是肺癌,是城乡防治的重点,乳腺癌防治的重点人群是中青年及农村女性。

Objective To analyze the influence of main malignant tumors on female life expectancies in 1989,1999 and 2009,and to provide evidences for the highest priorities of malignant tumor prevention strategies in female population.Methods The cause of death information was collected from China Annual Health Statistics Report in 2010,1999 and 1989.The loss of life due to malignant cancers and its influences on life expectancies were analyzed for the women of different areas within different age groups.Results The mortality rate of malignant tumors was increasing rapidly in both rural and urban areas for the last two decades.Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death in rural and urban areas in 2009.Breast cancer increased to the fifth leading cause of cancer death while gastric cancer death decreased.The five leading causes of cancer death followed the sequence of lung,colon,liver,stomach and breast cancers among urban residents,while liver cancer took the second position of leading causes of cancer death among rural residents.Cancer death had larger influence on the loss of life in women younger than 50 years old than in women aged over 50 years.The loss of life due to cancer death was more obvious in the women of rural areas than in urban areas.Conclusion It is essential to prevent women from lung cancer risk factors including smoking and the second hand smoking exposures.Breast cancer screening is important for the middle-aged women in rural areas.