浙江省道路交通伤害病例对照研究

A case-control study on road traffic injuries in Zhejiang

目的探讨道路交通伤害危险因素,为进一步开展道路交通伤害预防控制提供科学依据。方法采用1∶2配对病例对照研究方法,通过面访形式收集病例组和对照组驾驶员的一般情况、交通工具状况、驾驶相关行为、睡眠状况、吸烟、饮酒、药物使用、道路状况等因素。结果 2008-2009年间共调查246例病例组和492例对照组驾驶员,在控制年龄、性别、驾驶机动车类型等因素下,驾车频率高(OR=3.08)、有吸烟史(OR=1.94)、行驶车道错误(OR=2.36)、驾车时身体状况差(OR=1.87)、睡眠不足(OR=4.63)、定期车辆检修(OR=0.33)、佩戴安全带/安全头盔(OR=0.30)等因素在病例组和对照组间差异有统计学意义。结论道路交通伤害与驾驶员行为、车辆和环境等因素有关,应针对人、车、路三方面采取相应干预措施,降低道路交通伤害的发生。

Objective To explore the risk factors of road traffic injuries and to provide scientific evidence for road traffic injury control and prevention.Methods A 1-to-2 matched case-control study was applied for the investigation.We collected the information of the maintenance condition of vehicles,road condition,driver＇s general situation,driving behaviors,sleep disorders,smoking habits,alcohol drinking,drug taking and etc.,through face to face interviews.Results The study had 246 cases of traffic injuries and 492 matched drivers as the control group.A logistic regression assay suggested that the risk factors of traffic injuries were frequently driving（OR=3.08）,the history of smoking（OR=1.94）,wrong lane driving（OR=2.36）,poor physical condition（OR=1.87） and sleep disorders（OR=4.63） adjusting by age,gender and the types of vehicles.The analysis confirmed the protective factors of regular vehicle maintenance（OR=0.33）,using seatbelt and wearing helmet（OR=0.30）.Conclusion The traffic injuries are associated with drivers＇ behaviors,vehicle condition and environmental factors.Comprehensive measures are required to reduce the occurrences of road traffic injuries.