天津市2005-2009年人间狂犬病疫情分析

Epidemic situation of rabies in Tianjin,2005-2009

目的分析天津市人间狂犬病疫情,探讨狂犬病防制的重点策略和措施。方法收集狂犬病病例资料和人口学资料,进行描述性流行病学分析,采用Excel软件进行数据录入和整理。结果天津市2005-2009年累计报告狂犬病病例46例,年均发病率0.09/10万,病死率为100%。发病集中在夏秋季。50～59岁年龄组发病最多,其次为30～39岁年龄组;男性发病多于女性,男女病例比为2.54∶1;病例以农民为主(32.61%),其次为民工(21.74%)。疫情主要集中在农村地区。接受正规伤口处置、接种狂犬病疫苗和注射免疫球蛋白病例分别占4.35%、15.22%和0。结论犬只数量增加、管理不严以及暴露后处理不及时不规范是导致狂犬病病例回升的主要原因。提示今后应加强综合性防治措施,加大宣传力度,以农村地区为重点进行防制。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of human rabies in Tianjin.Methods Human rabies case information and related demographic characteristics were collected and analyzed for the study.Results There were 46 human rabies cases in Tianjin between 2005 and 2009.The fatality rate was 100%.The annual average incidence rate of human rabies was 0.09/Lakh.Cases occurred mainly in the seasons of summer and autumn.The highest incidence rate was found in people aged 50-59 years,followed by in people aged 30-39 years.The odds ratio was 2.54：1 for men to women.Most cases occurred in rural areas.Farmers（32.61%） were the highest risk group,followed by migrant workers（21.74%）.The proportions of receiving appropriate wound treatment,vaccination and rabies immune globulin were 4.35%,15.22% and 0% for the cases,respectively.Conclusion The factors related to rabies epidemic include increasing numbers of unvaccinated dogs,poor awareness of rabies risk and non-standardized post-exposure prophylaxis.It is critical to strengthen pet dog management,rabies risk education and in time post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies control and prevention,especially in rural areas.