论孙中山对中国法制近代化的历史贡献

On Sun Yat-sen's Historical Contribution to the Modernization of Chinese Legal System

法制近代化,是指法律及其制度脱离古代传统,迈向近代文明的转型与发展过程。孙中山的法律思想及法治实践,涉及了与法制近代化相关的一系列核心问题,诸如提出了系统完整的民主共和宪政主张,进行了建立民国、民主立宪、保障民权等伟大宪政实践;提出了法律至上的法治主义主张,以此否定人治主义和法律工具主义;提出了"五权分立",主张并推行司法独立;反对等级特权,主张并实践平等自由人权;从理论与实践上改变"诸法合体"的传统;反对重刑酷罚,主张并实践刑罚人道主义等。因此,孙中山对中国法制近代化乃至现代化进程的影响都是深远的,其历史贡献也是巨大的。

The modernization of legal system is the course of transition and evolution in which the law and its system have been breaking away from ancient traditions towards modern civilization.Sun Yat-sen＇s legal thoughts and practices involved a series of key subjects related with the modernization of legal system.For example,he proposed a systematic democratic republic constitution and carried out such great constitutional practices as founding the Republic of China,democratic constitutionalism,ensuring civil rights,etc.What＇s more,he created a government by law instead of a government by men.He seperated Five Powers from each and held the idea of judicial independence.He objected to class privilege and claimed equal human rights.Besides,he changed the old traditions of all laws united into one.He objected to severe punishment and thought that criminal penalty should be accoding to humanitarianism.Therefore,we know Sun Yat-sen had great contributions to and profound influence on the modernization of Chinese law.