5Enburg C. The framework,concepts and metbodts of the competency outcomes and performance assessment (COPA) model. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 1999,30(9):2.
6李秀云,邹碧荣．护理技术操作规程及评分标准．武汉：湖北科学技术出版社．2003．128．
7聂敏．护理理论．北京：北京医科大学护理系，美国HOPE基金会，1993：16-24
8Watson J. The theory of human caring:retrospective and prospective. Nursing Science Quarterly, 1997,10( 1 ) :49-52
