摘要
以矿物油为分散介质，以沸石分子筛为分散相，制备了一系列具较高电粘性的流体，并研究发现流体的电粘性与外加电场强度、分散相浓度等因素的关系符合双电层诱导趋向模型．进一步从不同角度探讨了流体的电粘性与温度及分散介质性质等因素的关系．结果表明，沸石分子筛－矿物油系流体的电粘性随温度的升高迅速降低，且与介质的介电常数、击穿电压、添加剂种类及比例相关．对非极性分散介质制成的流体，电粘性随介电常数的增大而增大；对极性介质则不然．分散介质的击穿电压越高，制成的电粘性流体的击穿电压越高．相似结构的绝缘性油制成的流体的电粘性相差不大．环烃结构的油制成的流体的电粘性不及链状烷烃制成的流体的电粘性大．小分子醇、胺使电粘性增大，表面活性剂使电粘性降低。从流变学角度分析认为，电粘性是流体在外加电场作用下，分子之间产生的一种近程相互作用力．从能量守恒角度分析认为，电粘性是电能的一种转化形式，是流体的一种固有性质．
A series of electroviscous fluids with high effect had been prepared by dispersingzeolite molecular sieves into mineral oils. The eleetroviscosities of the fluids were found to be related to applied electric field intensities and the concentrations of dispersed phases, and accordedwith the double electric layer induction direction model. The relationships of electroviscosities ofthe fluids to temperature and properties of the dispersing mediums were studied. The resultsshowed that the electroviscosity of polite molecular sieves -mineral oil reduce quickly as thetemperature was raised, and was related to dieledc constant, puncture voltage of the dispersingphase, and to type and ratio of the additive. The higher the dielectric constant of nonpolarmedium was, the higher the electroviscosity of the fluid prepared with it, but not so for polarInedium. The higher the puncture voltage of oil was, the higher the puncture voltage of the fluidprepared with it. The fluids prepared with dielectric oils with similar construction had similarelectroviscosities. The fluids prepared with cyclic hydrocarbons had weaker electroviscosities thanthat prepared with chain hydrocarbons. The additions of small molecular alcohols or surface active agents made the electroviscosities reduce. Rheological analysis came to a conclusion that theelectroviscosity was a kind of mutual action force among molecules at applied electric field.Energy conservation analysis came to a conclusion that the electroviscosity was a kind of transformof electric energy, and was a kind of intrinsic nature of all fluids.
