中国史前时代历史分期及其农业特征

Division of Chinese Prehistoric Era and The Agricultural Characteristics

中国史前时代处于更新世晚期到全新世早期,距今18000年到4000年,历时约14000年。据考古资料和历史传说,中国史前时代凝集为"三皇"史系,可分为4个时期:燧巢时期、羲娲时期、神农时期和黄帝时期,它们各有鲜明的农业特征。燧巢时期的表征事件是可控用火与营造居所,农业发生的准备期;羲娲时期,华夏族群的创世纪,由采集渔猎转变为主动放牧,构建了草地—畜群—人群和谐相处格局;神农时期农耕、麻织和陶器广泛使用,出现农业发展高潮,农耕文明渐具雏形;黄帝时期在历史累积之上,与周围族群多次融合发展,华夏民族形成,农业生产达到全新水平,龙凤图腾诞生,中华文明奠基。华夏农业文明简要脉络应为:农业的发轫应自羲娲始;农业中的种植业发展应自神农始;华夏农业文明的整体构建和奠基应自黄帝始。

Chinese prehistoric era was the time period from the late Pleistocene to the early holocene,lasting about 14000 years from 18000B.P to 4000B.P.This era,based on archeological discoveries and ancient legends,was characterized as ＂Three Sovereigns＂ period,which may be further divided into four stages：the Sui-Chao,Xi-Wa,Shen Nong and Yellow Emperor and each of them had its unique agricultural features.The Sui-Chao was the preparation period for agriculture,featured with fire utilization and temporary residence construction;The Xi-Wa,was the ＂the genesis＂ of the ancient Chinese,replaced fishing and hunting by initiative grazing and set up a basic format for a harmony ecosystem of grassland--herds--human beings.The Shen Nong witnessed a upsurge in agricultural development with widespread cultivating crops,weaving bast fiber and utilization of pottery so an agricultural civilization gradually took its shape;During the Yellow Emperor stage,which was based on all previous developments and integrated with surrounding groups,the Chinese emerged as an ancient nation.The agriculture reached a new lever,the totems of dragon and phoenix joined together and the foundation of Chinese civilization was finally established.In sum,the development of ancient Chinese agricultural civilization may be briefly regarded as：The Xi-Wa initiated agriculture,the Shen Nong started the cultivating-agriculture and the Yellow Emperor laid its foundation and started its construction for Chinese agriculture civilization.