宋代福建与两广地区的粮食生产与调运

Food Production and Transportation of Fujian Province and Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces in Song Dynasty

福建与广东相邻,自然条件差异不大。由于福建开发较早,在北宋中后期开始出现人稠地狭状况,人口的大量增加和耕地面积狭小造成福建粮食供应不足,需要从周边地区输入。而两广地区由于开发较晚,地广人稀,虽然是广种薄收,但仍有余粮,成为福建地区的主要粮食供应地。通过海上运输,两广的大量余粮运往福建,为福建人口和经济发展提供了保障,同时也促进了两地经济的交流。通过对这一问题的考察,可以彰显粮食生产与安全的重要性,对未来经济发展有启发意义。

Fujian province borders upon Guangdong province,and their natural conditions are relatively similar.Since Fujian was developed early,the dense-population-and-narrow-land condition arose in the late Northern Song Dynasty.Due to the large increase of population but the decrease of land,Fujian province was short of food,which led to the importation from surrounding areas.However,Guangdong and Guangxi provinces were developed late,so the population was sparse but the land was vast.For all extensive cultivation but poor harvest,there was still a surplus,which made Guangdong and Guangxi provinces Fujian＇s major food supplier.Guangdong and Guangxi provinces＇ large number of surplus grains were transported to Fujian province by sea,ensuring the population and economic development of Fujian province and promoting the bilateral economic exchanges.Investigation on this issue highlights the importance of food production and security,and is instructive for future economic development.