制度变革、专用性资产积累与农村内部贫富分化

System Transform,Accumulation of Specific Assets and Widening of Peasant's Wealth Gap in Rural Areas

中国农村制度变革为农民创造了初始机会均等的增收致富机会,但由于农民个人专用性资产积累的不同,即主要是农民自身干中学技能和社会支持关系的不同,导致农民打工就业、经营活动等增收致富方式的分化,进而使农民之间收入增长的规模和速度呈现明显差异,农村内部的贫富分化由此产生。尤其是近两年来,少数经营大户依靠社会支持关系增强而实现收入迅速增长,成为当前农村内部贫富分化加速的重要原因。农村内部贫富分化的改变,需要农村经济、政治和社会等各种制度协同改善,并为"农二代"发展提供公平的社会支持系统。

The rural system transform has supplied fair initial chances to all peasants,but because of the difference of the accumulation of personal specific assets among the peasants,that is,the difference of the ability of learning by doing and social support relations,the ways of increasing incomes are differentiating,which has resulted in the difference of the scale and growth rate the peasant's income,and further widening the peasant's wealth gap in rural areas.In recent years,especially,the rapid growth of minority productive leaders' income has resulted from the enlargement of their social support relations,which is an important cause of the widening rapidly of peasant's wealth gap.To change the widening of the wealth gap,it is necessary to improve the coordination and reform in the rural economic,political and social systems,and supply the fair social supports to the 2nd generation peasants.