“以A为B”文类现象的考察与批评

Evaluation and Critique of "Taking A as B" Phenomenon

"以A为B"现象的内涵主要体现在音律、风格、节奏、审美效果、表现手法等层面。现象之缘由主要有外来影响说、文学革新说、不谙音律说、文人相轻说、游戏笔墨说等代表性观点。文学创作的总体背景特点与文学创作主体的特殊条件这两个内外因素的结合是主要原因所在。在内在因素方面有两点取向需要加以补充,即创作主体创作生活中的主导文类取向与创作主体文学观当中的文类取向。"以A为B"现象中的文类,与其说是独立名称,不如说是一种修辞格;"以A为B"现象再次印证了文类界限的辩证性,是文类传统与文类之间双向互动的一个生动写照,为促进和推动其他文类发展提供了催化剂。以诗为词之类的文学改革之功,不能遮蔽犯律之不足;豪放词风于格律派之对立,绝不能抹杀后者之合理存在。

The connotation of the phenomenon of 'taking A as B' is mainly manifested in such aspects,as temperament,style,rhythm,aesthetic effect,expression means and so on.The reasons for such phenomenon have some representative ideas,such as outside effect theory,literature innovation,non-understanding of temperament,scholars looking down upon each other,poems written with the game attitude and so on.In short,the combination of internal and external elements(the general background features of literature creation and specific conditions of literature subject creation) is the main reason.There are two orientation requirements that should be supplemented in the internal elements,namely,dominant genre orientation in subject creation and genre orientation in literature theory of subject creation.By reconsidering and criticizing the phenomenon of 'taking A as B',we are convinced that genre in this phenomenon is a figure of speech,rather than an independent term.The phenomenon of 'taking A as B' confirms us again that the dialectical quality of genre limit is a vivid portrayal of the interaction between genre traditions and genre,providing medium or catalyst for prompting and facilitating the appearance of other genres.The advantage of literature innovation of 'taking poetry as ci' is unable to cover up the insufficiency of disobeying with rules.Bold poems are antagonistic to rules and forms of classical poetic composition.Therefore,the appropriateness of the latter should not be ignored.