3682例小儿烧伤住院患者病因特征分析

Feature analysis of the causes of 3682 inpatients with pediatric burns

目的调查10岁以下小儿烧伤住院患者伤因特点,为预防控制小儿烧伤提供理论依据。方法采用回顾性分析,对37所部队医院在2007年收治的10岁以下小儿烧伤住院患者病例资料进行总结。结果 10岁以下小儿烧伤男孩高于女孩,主要发生在2岁以下低龄儿童,其中1岁幼儿烧伤风险最高,随小儿年龄增长烧伤发生危险和烧伤程度均呈下降趋势。热液烧伤是其最主要的原因,占87.6%,每年4月～8月发生率较高;冬季是火焰烧伤和热物烧伤高发季节,火焰烧伤随着小儿年龄增长发生比例逐渐增高;化学烧伤和电烧伤导致烧伤程度重于热液烧伤和火焰烧伤,电烧伤在年长儿童中发生多,主要集中发生在7、8月份。结论针对烧伤发生的不同特点制定预防措施,可能会更加有效地预防儿童烧伤的发生,这对个人和社会均具有重要的意义。

Objective To investigate the features of the injuring factors of hospitalized burn children under the age of 10 and provide a theoretical basis for pediatric burns prophylaxis and control. Methods The research employs a statistic analysis and retrospective study to pediatric patients admitted to 37 military hospi- tals in 2007. Results Burning injuries of children mainly occur among those under the age of 2, with one - year - old children being the most vulnerable population. Further more, among children under the age of ten, males display a higher tendency to be injured. The incidence and burn degree decrease with the age increase. Hot liquids （87. 6% ） are the predominant cause of burn with higher occurrence from April to August. Flame and hot object burns usually occur in winter. The incidence of flame burns increase with the age increase. The degree of chemical and electrical burns is higher than hot liquid and flame burns. Electrical burns occur more in older children, frequently in July and August. Conclusions In order for the prophylaxis to be more effi- cient and effective, it is recommended that these prophylaxes be developed according to various features of burn occurrence. Furthermore, this kind of strategy will not only be valuable for individual, but also carry great social values.