关节镜下同种异体骨-前交叉韧带-骨移植重建前交叉韧带的疗效分析

EFFECTIVENESS OF BONE-ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT-BONE ALLOGRAFT IN RECONSTRUCTION OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT UNDER ARTHROSCOPE

目的前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)是膝关节重要的稳定结构,探讨关节镜下应用深低温冻存同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植重建ACL的方法及疗效。方法 2007年10月-2010年2月,对22例ACL损伤患者于关节镜下采用深低温冻存的同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植重建ACL。男15例,女7例;年龄19～55岁,平均27.6岁。损伤原因:运动伤12例,摔伤1例,重物压伤2例,交通事故伤7例。左膝14例,右膝8例。病程7 d～12个月,中位病程65 d。前抽屉试验阳性19例,轴移试验阳性19例,Lachman试验阳性21例。术前根据国际膝关节评分委员会(IKDC)分级评定标准,异常5例,严重异常17例;IKDC主观评分为(49.6±6.9)分,Lysholm评分为(48.5±5.3)分,Tegner膝关节运动功能评分受伤前为(6.8±1.2)分,受伤后术前为(2.1±0.5)分。20例行MRI检查,其中18例提示ACL损伤。结果手术时间65～85 min,平均75 min;出血量80～150 mL,平均110 mL。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,均无免疫排斥反应及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症发生。患者术后均获随访,随访时间7～34个月,平均18个月。末次随访时无伸膝受限;屈膝活动度为125～135°,平均130.5°。前抽屉试验阳性2例,轴移试验阳性1例,Lachman试验阳性3例。根据IKDC分级评定标准:正常10例,接近正常11例,异常1例;IKDC主观评分为(90.0±5.8)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.653,P=0.021)。Lysholm评分为(91.6±7.1)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.231,P=0.028)。Tegner评分为(6.1±1.5)分,与受伤前比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.321,P=0.070),与受伤后术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.815,P=0.033)。术后6个月19例关节镜复查示无移植韧带断裂,17例移植物张力正常,2例稍松弛。结论关节镜下应用深低温冻存的同种异体骨-ACL-骨移植重建ACL,可达到ACL解剖重建,术后膝关节功能恢复良好。

Objective The anterior cruciate l igament （ACL） is the important stable structure of the knee. To evaluate the method and outcome of bone-ACL-bone （B-ACL-B） allograft under arthroscope in reconstruction of ACL. Methods Between October 2007 and February 2010, arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with deep-freezing B-ACL-B allograft was performed on 22 patients with ACL ruptures. There were 15 males and 7 females with an average age of 27.6 years （range, 19-55 years）. The causes of ACL rupture were sport trauma in 12 cases, fall ing injury in 1 case, heavy crush in 2 cases, and traffic accident in 7 cases. The locations were the left knee in 14 cases and the right knee in 8 cases. The disease duration was 7 days to 12 months （median, 65 days）. Nineteen patients showed the positive results of anterior drawer test and pivot shift test, and 21 patients showed the positive results of Lachman test. According to International Knee Documentation Committee （IKDC） criteria, there were 5 abnormal and 17 severely abnormal. The subjective IKDC score was 49.6 ± 6.9. The Lysholm score was 48.5 ± 5.3. The Tegner scale scores were 6.8 ± 1.2 before injury and 2.1 ± 0.5 before operation. The MRI showed the ACL injuries in 18 of 20 patients. Results The mean operative time was 75 minutes （range, 65-85 minutes）; the mean blood loss was 110 mL （range, 80-150 mL）. All incisions healed by first intention. No immunologic rejection and deep vein thrombosis of lower l imbs occurred. All patients were followed up 7-34 months （mean, 18 months）. At last follow-up, the flexion of the knee ranged from 125 to 135° （mean, 130.5°）. Two patients showed the positive results of anterior drawer test, 1 patient showed the positive result of pivot shift test, and 3 patients showed the positive results of Lachman test. According to the IKDC criteria, 10 patients rated as normal, 11 patients as nearly normal, 1 patient as abnormal. The subjective IKDC score was 90.0 ± 5.8, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative one （t=4.653, P=0.021）. The Lysholm score was 91.6 ± 7.1, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative one （t=4.231, P=0.028）. The Tegner scale score was 6.1 ± 1.5, showing no significant difference when compared with one before injury （t=1.321, P=0.070） and showing significant difference when compared preoperative one （t=3.815, P=0.033）. The arthroscopic examination showed no rupture of grafts in 19 patients, 17 grafts showed normal tension, and 2 showed sl ight relaxation at 6 months after operation. Conclusion Reconstruction of the ACL with B-ACL-B allograft under arthroscope is a safe and effective method, which can anatomically reconstruct ACL and obtain a good recovery of the knee function after operation.