中国高水平击剑运动员运动损伤流行病学调查分析

Epidemiologic Survey on Sport Injury in Chinese Elite Fencing Athletes

目的:探讨高水平击剑运动员运动损伤的发病特点。方法:国家击剑队52名队员,男26名,女26名;平均年龄21.9岁;平均身高男186.6 cm,女175.7 cm;平均入队时间7.9年。国际健将17名,国家健将28名。针对运动损伤发病部位、程度、特点等进行流行病学调查。结果:52名运动员中发生运动损伤48人,患病率92.3%,损伤共87人次,急性损伤29人次,慢性损伤23人次,急性转慢性35人次。列患病率前4位的为腰背肌筋膜炎23.0%,髌股关节软骨损伤19.2%,髌腱周围炎和踝腓侧副韧带损伤各11.5%。发病部位比例最高的为膝关节,其次为下腰部和踝关节。损伤原因主要有训练强度过大占42.5%,保护意识淡漠占18.4%,技术动作错误占16.1%。结论:高水平击剑运动员运动损伤患病率较高,损伤部位以膝关节、下腰部以及踝关节为主,其中腰背肌筋膜炎、髌股关节骨软骨损伤、肌腱末端病等患病率较高。训练强度高、保护意识淡漠是受伤的主要原因。

Objective To discuss the characteristics of sports injury in elite fencing athletes.Methods Fifty two athletes from the China National Fencing Team were inscrolled in this investigation.Their average age was 21.9 years.The average heights of males and females were 186.6 cm and 175.7 cm,respectively.The average duration of their fencing career was 7.9 years.There were 17 world-class athletes and 28 national-level athletes.The investigation included the incidence,location,severity and characteristics of sports injury.Results The overall prevalence rate of sports injury was 92.3%.87 person-time suffered from the injury（29 cases of acute injuries,23 cases of chronic injuries,and 35 cases of chronic injuries transformed from acute injuries）.The most common injuries included the lower back myofascitis（23.0%）,patellofemoral joint cartilage injury（19.2%）,inflammation around the patellar tendon and the injury of fibular collateral ligament of ankle（11.5%）.The most frequent injured part of the fencers was knees,followed by spine,ankles and wrists.Main causes of injury included high training intensity（42.5%）,indifference of protection（18.4%）,and error use of technique（16.1%）.Conclusion Appropriate monitoring of training intensity,enhancement of protection awareness and improvement of techniques are the three urgent measures to decrease the incidence of sports injury in Chinese elite fencers.