间充质干细胞生物学特性及其分化潜能

Biological characteristics and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells

背景:随着再生医学的兴起,细胞疗法正得到不断发展,间充质干细胞因为来源广泛,分离培养容易,增殖和多向分化能力强,已成为细胞治疗领域的研究热点。目的:概述国内及国际上关于间充质干细胞生物学特性及多向分化能力的新进展。方法:应用计算机检索2000-01/2010-09PubMed数据库、Springer Link数据库及万方数据库有关间充质干细胞发现、命名、生物学特性及分化潜能等方面的文献,英文检索词为"mesenchymal stem cells,differentiation,transdifferentiation",中文检索词为"间充质干细胞,分化,转分化"。检索文献量总计132篇。结果与结论:间充质干细胞发现较久,命名较多,在体内分布广泛,增殖能力受多种因素影响,可分泌多种细胞因子,产生一系列细胞外基质分子,表达多种表面标志物,但不是单一性的,属免疫缺陷细胞,分离纯化方法主要有全骨髓贴壁分离筛选法和密度梯度离心法,其鉴定需综合几个方面内容。除向中胚层的各种成熟细胞分化外,间充质干细胞还可转分化为神经细胞、肝细胞、胰岛细胞、上皮细胞等,转分化机制主要有异质学说、核重编程学说和胚胎干细胞残留学说。

BACKGROUND：With the development of regenerative medicine and cell therapy,mesenchymal stem cells have become a hot spot because of its wide source,easy isolation,strong proliferation and multi-directional differentiation ability. OBJECTIVE：To overview the research progress in biological characteristics and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS：The databases of PubMed,Springer Link,and Wanfang were retrieved for papers concerning discovery,nomenclature,biological characteristics and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells published from January 2000 to September 2010 with key words of ＂mesenchymal stem cells,differentiation,transdifferentiation＂. A total of 132 articles were retrieved. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Mesenchymal stem cells have been found for a long period,and extensively distributed in vivo. Its proliferation ability can be affected by multiple factors. Mesenchymal stem cells can secrete various cytokines,produce a series of extracellular matrix molecule,and express many kinds of surface markers,but not unicity and belong to immune deficiency cells. The isolation and purification method included the whole bone marrow adherence screening method and density gradient centrifugation. Its identification should synthesize many aspects. With the exception of differentiation into mesodermal cell lineage,mesenchymal stem cells can transdifferentiate into neural cells,hepatocytes,islet cells and epithelial cells. Transdifferentiation mechanism mainly contains heterogeneous theory,nuclear reprogramming theory and embryonic stem cell residual theory.