维持性血液透析患者的健康教育干预与生活质量

Effect of health educational intervention on quality of life in patients with maintenance hemodialysis

背景:虽然终末期肾病行维持性血液透析患者的生理健康水平相对平稳,长期生存率有明显提高,但这些患者的心理健康问题并未得到相应的重视。目的:探讨健康教育干预对于维持性血液透析患者生活质量的影响。方法:选择维持性血液透析患者72例,其中男38例,女34例,年龄27～86岁,给予持续健康教育3个月,采用SF-36生活质量量表对患者健康教育前后生活质量进行评估,并分析影响患者生活质量的相关因素。结果与结论:血液透析患者生活质量与年龄、家庭支持、透析时间、透析次数、费用类型、经济收入、残余尿量、合并症、每周运动时间及临床指标之间的相关系数均具有显著性意义(P均<0.05);进一步对血透患者进行健康教育,干预后生活质量(生理健康、心理健康)较前明显改善(P<0.05或P<0.01)。并发现血液透析患者心理健康水平对生活质量的影响大于生理健康状况对生活质量的影响。说明对维持性血液透析患者实施健康教育可以提高其生活质量。

BACKGROUND：Patients with maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） have relatively stable level of physiological healthy,and obviously elevation of long-term survival rate,but no focus was put on psychological issue of those people. OBJECTIVE：To investigate effect of health educational intervention on quality of life in patients with MHD. METHODS：A total of 72 patients with MHD,including 38 males and 34 females,aged 27-86 years,were surveyed with SF-36 scale,before and after receiving health educational intervention during 3 months. The related influence factors on quality of life were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：The quality of life in patients with MHD was significantly correlated with age,supports by family,dialysis term,dialysis frequency,cost type,economic income,residual urine volume,complication,sport time per week,as well as clinical index （P 0.05）. After health education on MHD patients,the quality of life including physical and mental component summary was obviously improved than before （P 0.05 or P 0.01）. In addition,we found that,the mental health had more effect on quality of life than that of physical health. Health educational intervention can improve the quality of life in patients with MHD.