废弃汞矿山苔藓植物群落生态研究

Bryophyte Communities from Abandoned Mercury Mine in Eastern Guizhou Province

对贵州省铜仁市云场坪镇废弃汞矿山的苔藓植物群落进行了研究，通过野外全面调查和实验室仔细鉴定，发现废弃汞矿山苔藓植物群落的种类组成有13科52属62种（苔类植物2科2属2种，藓类植物11科50属60种）。应用双向指示种分析法（TWINSPAN）和除趋势对应分析（DCA）分析其分布格局表明，该区12个样点分为2个类型组，组1为废石、废渣样地，组2为废洞样地，说明废洞与废石、废渣生境差异性较大，废石、废渣生境较相似；北地扭口藓群落（Barbula fallax Com．）、阔叶小石藓群落（Weisiaplani folia Com．）、尖叶扭口藓群落（Barbula constricta Com．）、拟丛净口藓群落（Gymnostomum anoectangioides Corn．）、硬叶净口藓群落（Gymnostomumsubrigidulum Com．）为该矿区废石、废渣上的优势群落，其生物量为55．20～448．20g·m-2，饱和吸水量为260．80～3599．40g·m-2，说明在矿区这种干旱且保水能力弱的环境区域，苔藓植物群落以其特有的生态功能在矿区生态环境治理中具有十分重要的作用。

The bryophyte communities were investigated in abandoned mercury mine of Yunchangping town, Guizhou province. Based on the extensive investigation and identification of the bryophyte specimens, 62 taxa in 52 genera of 13 families were found （2 species in 2 genera of 2 families are Hepatieae, 60 taxa in 50 genera of 11 families are Musci）. Two-way Indicator Species Analysis （TWINSPAN） and Detrended Correspondence A- nalysis （DCA） were used to analyze their distribution patterns. The results showed that 12 sampling plots could be classified into two groups. Group 1 contained waste rock sampling plots and waste solid sampling plots, group 2 contained abandoned mercury mine caves, which indicated the habitats of abandoned mercury mine caves are different from waste rock and waste solid, the habitats of waste rock and waste solid are similar. The dominant communities are Barbula fallax Com. , Weisia planifolia Com. , Barbula constricta Com. , Gymnostomum anoect- angioides Com. and Gymrrostomum subrigidulum Com. , their biomass range from 55.20 to 448.20 g·m -2, and the quantity of saturated water absorption ranges from 260.80 to 3 599.40 g ·m-2, which indicate the bryophyte communities are very significant for the ecology environment renovation of the mine area because of their special ecological function.