膈下静脉的解剖及临床应用研究进展

Inferior phrenic veins:the anatomy and clinical significance

膈下静脉在起止、属支等方面存在很多变异,其与周围静脉有较多交通,膈下静脉的临床价值逐渐显现:经膈下静脉食管属支行内镜下硬化剂注射可治疗食管静脉曲张,通过膈下静脉分流道逆行球囊堵塞曲张胃静脉可用于治疗胃静脉曲张,在布加综合征、上腔静脉综合征及门脉高压等病理状态下膈下静脉可作为重要的侧支循环;肝内门-体静脉分流可通过膈下静脉进行。本文就近年来膈下静脉的解剖学研究结果、临床应用研究以及存在的问题加以综述。

The inferior phrenic veins（IPVs） have many variations at origin,termination and distribution,whose values were gradually revealed. Endoscopic sclerotherapy through esophageal tributary of IPVs can be used to treat esophageal varices,gastric varices can be treated by Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration via IPVs. IPVs usually serve as the major collateral venous drainage in Budd-Chiari syndrome,superior vena cava syndrome,portal hypertension and other pathological conditions. Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt can pass through IPVs. This paper summarizes the results of anatomic studies and clinical researches of IPVs and also proposes existing problems that remind to solve.