变应性鼻炎患病率及相关因素调查

Research on prevalence and related factors in allergic rhinitis

目的通过对变应性鼻炎（allergic rhinitis，AR）流行病学之大样本的调查，获得以农村为主的AR的患病率及相关患病因素。方法2007年4月至2009年5月在河北省沧州市农村、渤海湾黄骅市沿海渔村、承德市雾灵山区、天津市区分别以行政乡、村和街道、居民小区等为单位，按行政乡、村和街道、居民小区名册通过随机多级抽样和整群抽样抽取调查对象。然后按住户自然顺序，逐-入户直接调查。同时按照自然数排序全部受调查人群，对每逢个位数0、1、5的受调查者抽取3～5ml静脉血，由实验室专职人员做血清特异性IgE（specificIgE，slgE）检测。采用SPSS13．0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果本次流行病学调查对象共抽取5010人，其中有鼻变应性症状或体征者823例（16．4％）。进行血清slgE检测1576例，阳性402例（25．5％），其中146例合并有鼻变应性症状或体征者确诊为AR，AR的患病率为9．3％（146／1576）。不同年龄、职业、特应性体质以及有无鼻部变应性症状人群之间sIgE检测阳性率差异均有统计学意义（x^2值分别为7．96、9．73、16．53、8．95，P值均〈0．05）。AR与支气管哮喘的发生呈正相关（回归系数β=2．544，P〈0．01）。农村最常见的变应原为狗上皮、猫上皮，城市最常见的变应原为屋尘螨、粉尘螨。结论AR的患病率无论在城市还是在农村都比较高，应受到重视。AR的发生与特应性体质、环境因素等有关。

Objective To obtain the prevalence and related factors in allergic rhinitis （AR） and other allergic diseases in rural area in China through epidemiological investigation with large sample and multi-faceted survey data. Methods Face to face survey was conducted in different regions （rural areas of Cangzhou, Hebei, coastal fishing village of Bohai Bay, area of Wuling Mountain, Chengde, urban areas of Tianjin） from April 2007 to May 2009. In the same time, serum specific IgE（slgE） was detected in the digits of every 0, I or 5 in them. SPSS 13.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results Five thousand and ten cases were investigated. There were 823 cases with the symptoms or signs of AR （ 16.4% ）. Four hundred and two cases were found to have positive serum slgE antibody in 1576 detected cases（25.5% ）. One hundred and fourty-six cases with nasal allergic symptoms or signs were diagnosed as AR. The incidence of AR was 9. 3% （146/1576）. The occurrence of allergic symptoms or signs had a significant statistical difference with factors such as age, occupation, atopic constitution （X2 value were 7. 96, 9. 73, 16. 53, 8.95 respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ） , and it was closely related to lower respiratory tract allergies （ β = 2. 544, P 〈0. 01 ）. The most common allergens were dog and cat epithelium in rural areas and dust mites in city. Conclusions The incidence of AR is higher whether in urban or rural areas, it should be taken seriously as the impact on human health. The occurrence is closely related to physical characteristics and environmental factors.