流动人口人格特征和社会支持对心理健康影响

Correlation between personality,social support and mental health among migrant people

目的了解流动人口的心理健康状况,探讨人格特征和社会支持与心理健康状况的关系。方法采用判断抽样方法对江苏省江阴和张家港市流动人口集中居住点、企业和集贸市场等地抽取的1 097名流动人口进行问卷调查。结果 1 097名流动人口的心理异常发生率为18.0%;流动人口躯体化因子得分低于3省区正常人群(P<0.01);强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执和精神病性因子得分均高于3省区正常人群(P<0.01);典型外向和典型内向组流动人口躯体化因子得分均低于3省区常模(P<0.05);典型外向组流动人口人际关系敏感、焦虑、恐怖、偏执和精神病性因子得分均高于3省区常模(P<0.05);典型内向组流动人口人际关系敏感因子得分高于3省区常模(P<0.05);典型高神经质和典型高精神质流动人口9因子得分均高于3省区常模(P<0.01);典型低神经质组除恐怖因子外,其他8因子得分均低于3省区常模(P<0.01);典型低精神质组流动人口躯体化和偏执因子得分均低于3省区常模(P<0.05);流动人口心理正常者客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度得分和社会支持总分均高于心理异常者(P<0.01);高社会支持组流动人口躯体化因子得分低于3省区常模(P<0.01),焦虑、恐怖和精神病性因子得分均高于3省区常模(P<0.05);低社会支持组除躯体化因子外,其他8因子得分均高于3省区常模(P<0.01)。结论流动人口的人格特征和社会支持能影响其心理健康状况。

Objective To analyze the mental status of migrant people and to discuss the relationship between personality traits,social support and mental health. Methods Totally 1 097 migrants were randomly selected from two cities of Jiangyin and Zhangjiagang in south Jiangsu province and investigated with a questionnaire. Results The incidence of psychological abnormality in the migrant people was 18.0%.The somatization score for migrant people was lower than that of ordinary people in the three provinces（P0.01）.The scores of obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,hostility,photic anxiety,paranoid ideation,and psychoticism of the migrants were higher than those of the norm in the three provinces（P 0.01）.The somatization scores for typical extroversive group and typical introversive group were lower than those of the norm in the three provinces（P0.05）.The relationship sensitivity score for typical introversive group was higher than that of the norm in the three provinces（P0.01）.The score of nine elements for the typical high neuroticism and typical high psychoticism migrants were higher than those of the norm in the three provinces（P0.01）.The score of eight elements except fear for typical low neuroticisms was lower than that of the norm in the three provinces（P 0.05）.The scores of somatization and paranoid ideation for low neuroticism migrants were lower than those of the norm in the three provinces（P0.05）.The score of objective support,subjective support,utilization of the support,and total score of social support for ordinary people were higher than abnormal people（P 0.01）.The somatization score for high social support group was lower than that of the norm in the three provinces（P0.01）.The score of anxiety,photic anxiety,and psychoticism were all higher than those of the norm in the three provinces（P0.05）.Except for the somatization score,the scores of eight other elements for low social support group were all higher than those of the norm in the three provinces（P0.01）. Conclusion The personality characteristics and social support of migrant people are significantly related to their mental health level.