昆明市中学生抑郁症状及其相关因素分析

Depression symptoms and associated factors in middle school students of Kunming urban area

目的了解云南省昆明市中学生抑郁症状的流行现状及特征,探讨中学生抑郁症状与其相关因素的关系。方法采用流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、中学生应对方式量表和自编问卷,对2150名中学生进行调查。结果共获得有效问卷2 128份,筛选出抑郁症状425例,检出率为20%,其中女生(21.6%)高于男性(18.2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);是否为独生子,初、高中学生差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男性的问题解决得分、寻求社会支持得分、积极的合理化的解释得分分别为(19.74±4.30)、(17.43±4.52)、(14.02±3.30)分,均低于女生的(20.48±3.84)、(19.64±4.26)、(14.57±3.19)分(P<0.001);男生应对方式、社会支持各因子得分除忍耐、逃避因子得分略高于女生外,其余各项因子得分均低于女生;抑郁症状与应对方式、社会支持各因子除与寻求社会支持、积极合理化解释因子无相关性外,与其余各因子均相关。结论应重视中学生的心理问题,良好的社会支持和应对方式有助于中学生的心理健康。

Objective To study the prevalence and epidemiological feature of depression symptoms and associated factors in middle school students of Kunming urban area. Methods Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depresion Scale（CES-D）,Social Support Rating Scale（SSRS）,Middle School Students Coping Styly Scale and self-compiled questionnaire were adopted to investigate 2 150 middle school students. Results The prevalence rate of depression symptoms was 20%（425/2 128）.Chi-square tests showed that female students had a higher prevalence rate of depression symptom than male students（P0.05）.However,there was no significant difference between senior and junior school students,only child and non-only child in depression（P0.05）.The male students had lower scores in coping style and social support than female students except for factors of patience and avoidence.The depression symptoms were correlated with factors of coping style and social support except for factors of seeking social support and active rationalization. Conclusion Depression symptom is a common psychlolgical problem in middle school students.Improvements in coping style and social support can promote the mental health of the students.