试析朝鲜战俘遣返谈判中的苏联因素

On the Soviet Factor in the Negotiations on Repatriation of the POWs in the Korean War

苏联作为朝鲜战争的非交战方,在朝鲜战俘遣返谈判过程中发挥了什么样的作用,是本文关注的焦点。文章通过对近年来俄罗斯解密的相关档案和相关研究成果分析认为,苏联在遣返朝鲜战俘问题上,不仅对中朝方面决策的制定具有指导作用,而且对中朝之间的分歧具有调解作用。遣返战俘问题被提交到联合国讨论时,苏联是中朝在联合国舞台上有力的支持者。斯大林去世以后,苏联对朝鲜战争政策的调整,很大程度上促成了遣返战俘问题的解决。由此可见,在遣返战俘问题的谈判中,苏联作为一种外部因素确实发挥了重要作用,并对朝鲜停战的实现产生了重要影响。

This article focuses on the role of the Soviet Union in the negotiations on Repatriation of the POWs in the Korean War,as it was a nonbelligerent.Analyzing Russian lately declassified archives and some research results in the recent years,the article views the Soviet Union as both a director in the policy-making for PRC and DPRK,and a mediator when PRC and DPRK differed.The Soviet Union was also a strong supporter for China and Korea in the UN when the issue of POWs was discussed in UN General Assembly in 1952.After Stalin's death,the Soviet government adjusted its policy for the Korean War,and this largely contributed to the solution of the issue.This shows that the Soviet Union,as a kind of external factor,did play an important role in the negotiations on repatriation of the POWs,and had a significant impact on the Korean War Armistice.