冷战初期美国对尼泊尔政策评析

An Analysis of the U.S. Policy to Nepal during the Initial Period of the Cold War

第二次世界大战后,美国战略利益的全球性决定了它与苏联之间的冷战成为国际政治的主旋律。在这样的历史氛围之下,冷战初期,美国对尼外交政策就必然带有很强的政治性和战略目的。美国不仅希望在英国殖民撤退后在南亚扩张势力,而且力主保持尼泊尔的主权独立和政局稳定。同时,美国也希望尼泊尔朝民主制方向发展,并向西方靠拢甚至与西方集团为伍。为实现这一目标,美国通过及时给予外交承认、经济和技术援助以及与印度进行合作等方式,对尼泊尔施加影响。从结果来看,美国仅实现了其有限的战略目标,与其预期目标还有相当的差距。

After the Second World War,the U.S.global strategic interests determined that the Cold War between the U.S.and the Soviet Union became the main stream of international politics.Given such a historical atmosphere,the U.S.policy to Nepal during the initial period of the Cold War had obvious political and strategic aims.The U.S.expected not only to refill the 'vacancy of power' left by Britain's colonial retreat,but also to contain the Communist influence in this area by trying to keep Nepal's independence and political stability.Meanwhile,the U.S.hoped that Nepal would go towards democracy,and keep close to and even stand in line with the western bloc.In order to realize these aims,the U.S.took some measures such as giving diplomatic recognition to Nepal immediately,taking the lead in providing Nepal with economic and technological assistance,cooperating with India,and imposing some necessary impacts on Nepal.However,the results show that the U.S.harvested only a very limited strategic goal,which was far from its expected objective.