我国锂工业现状及前景分析

Review on lithium industry in China

锂是自然界中最轻的金属元素。金属锂及锂盐在国民经济发展中具有广泛的用途,是重要的战略资源。在锂产业链中,锂资源经提取后,在各环节分别经加工制得一次锂盐、二次/多次锂盐、金属锂等多种形式的产品。初级加工阶段的产品主要包括碳酸锂、一水氢氧化锂、氯化锂等一次锂盐;进一步加工可制取溴化锂、氟化锂、丁基锂、钴酸锂、金属锂等二次或多次锂产品;各种锂产品可广泛应用于电池、陶瓷、玻璃、合金、润滑剂、制冷剂、医药、核工业及光电等新兴领域。本文基于锂产业链分别介绍了各关键环节锂产品的主要形式、技术状况、工业生产及需求形势,分析了我国锂工业的发展前景:在开采环节应加快对卤水锂提取技术的研发;在加工环节,应延长锂产业链、发展多元化产品;在回收环节,应着力于再生锂产品的回收,保护环境及资源。

Lithium,the lightest metal element in the world,is an important strategic resource because of its wide use in the national economy.In the industrial chain of lithium and its derivate,lithium is processed to kinds of lithium salts,including the primary products such as Li2CO3,LiOH,LiCl,and the further processed products such as LiBr,LiF,Li,etc.,which can be widely used in the areas of batteries,ceramics,glasses,alloys,lubricants,refrigerants,drugs,nuclear,and photoelectric.In the present work,the techniques,markets,and industrial development conditions of the lithium products in the key production links in the lithium industrial chain were reviewed.Furthermore,the development strategy of the lithium industry was analyzed：the extracting technique of lithium from brine should be improved during the exploring section firstly;then the industrial chain should be further strengthened to diversify the products;the recovery of the renewable lithium products should be paid more attention finally.