非水相细胞催化研究进展

Progress of whole cell-based biocatalysis in nonaqueous media

非水相细胞催化可提高水不溶化合物溶解度,改变热力学平衡以利于产物合成,是生物催化的重要组成部分。本文介绍了非水相细胞催化体系中溶剂和催化剂的筛选,如lgP值法和以产物高萃取率为目标的计算机辅助分子设计,以及催化剂的溶剂耐受性;综述了提高非水相细胞催化活性的方法,包括极端微生物的筛选和构建、细胞固定化等,以及非水相细胞催化反应在香料、药物及药物中间体等方面的应用现状;最后从生物学和工程学角度展望了非水相细胞催化研究的努力方向。

Nonaqueous whole cell-based biocatalysis,as an important part of biocatalysis,which can enhance the solubility of poorly soluble compounds,change the thermodynamic equilibrium in favor of product synthesis and so on.In this paper,we introduce the selection of organic solvents and biocatalysts in nonaqueous whole cell biocatalysis system,such as lgP method,computer aided molecule design based on high product extractability,and solvent resistance of biocatalysts.Moreover,we review the methods to improve cell catalytic activity in nonaqueous media,including screening and construction of extreme microorganisms,cell immobilization,and recent application of nonaqueous whole cell-based biocatalysis in spices,drugs and medicine intermediates.Finally,we propose the main efforts on nonaqueous whole cell-based biocatalysis in view of biology and engineering.