明清时期运用虫类药治疗痹病的用药规律探讨

Discussion of Medication Rules of Animal Drugs for the Treatment of Bi Disease in Ming and Qing Dynasties

目的探讨明清时期运用虫类药治疗痹病的方剂用药规律。方法收集整理有关明清时期治疗痹病的含有虫类药的方剂161首,建立数据库,并应用excel等统计分析软件进行统计分析。结果 161首治疗痹病的含有虫类药的方剂中,共用中药207味,共用药次1583次;其中虫类药物16种,共出现266味次;活血化瘀药、祛风湿药、补益药、平肝息风药、解表药、化痰止咳平喘药、理气药等7大类药物的累计频率达到80.53%,补益药中以补血、补气为主,累计频率占66.98%;四气中温、平2类药物的累计频率达到72.64%;五味中辛、苦、甘3类药物的累计频率达到87.45%;归经中肝、脾、肾、心、肺、胃经类药物的累计频率达到89.46%;应用虫类药最多的是地龙、五灵脂、白僵蚕、全蝎、穿山甲等,累计频率达到83.47%。结论扶正祛邪,多重气血;药味以辛苦甘为主,药性以温平居多;归经以肝脾肾为主,兼顾到胃;善用虫类搜剔通络以治痹。

Objective To probe into the medication rules of animal drugs for the treatment of Bi disease in Ming and Qing dynasties.Methods 161 prescriptions containing animal drugs for the treatment of Bi disease during Ming and Qing dynasties were collected to establish a data bank,and were analyzed with statistical analyzing software like excel.Results 207 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine are included in the 161 prescriptions for the treatment of Bi disease,and are used for 1583 times altogether in the prescription,including 16 kinds of animal drugs which are used 266 times,the using frequency of 7 major kinds of drugs（drugs with the function of promoting blood circulation and removing stasis,removing wind and dampness,invigorating and nourishing,calming the liver and suppressing wind,relieving exterior syndrome,eliminating phlegm and stopping coughing,and regulating the flow of qi） is 80.53%.The drugs for invigorating and nourishing are mainly for enriching the blood and qi,which account for 66.98%.From the perspective of the four nature of drugs（hot,cold,warm,cool and moderate）,drugs with warm and moderate nature account for 72.64%.From the perspective of five flavors of drugs（pungent,sweet,sour,bitter and salty）,the drugs with pungent,bitter and sweet nature account for 87.54%.From the perspective of channel tropism,drugs for liver,spleen,kidney,heart,lung,and stomach channels account for 89.46%.The most frequendy used animal drugs are pberetima,excrementum pteropi,silkworm larva,scorpio and Manis pentadactyla,and account for 83.47%.Conclusion Strengthening the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors should give special attention to qi and blood;there are more drugs with the flavor of pungent,bitter and sweet,and with the nature of warm and moderate;channel tropism is mainly for the liver,spleen and kidney,and attention is given to the stomach as well;animal drugs are used a lot to dredging collaterals to treat Bi disease.