美国水环境标准及其实施体系述评

Analysis on Aquatic Environmental Standard System and Its Enforcement in USA.

从立法和技术角度系统分析了美国水环境标准及其实施的体系。美国水环境标准体系由环境水质标准和废水排放标准构成，制定这两种标准时不是力求完美，而是着重其实用性，考虑其在职能上互为补充；同时在实施中水环境标准也不是孤立起作用，而是依赖法律制度如许可证制度、市场手段如排放权交易等，构成一个完整的水环境标准及其实施体系。

The system of aquatic environment standards and its enforcement in USA is consisted of ambient water quality standards and effluent limitations or standards. USEPA focused on the practicability of the standards in setting them. The two kinds of standards are set to complement each other in functions. In enforcement, aquatic environment standards are not acting in isolation, but together with legal systems such as permit system and market organisms such as permit trading. Through the above way, the aquatic environment standards and its enforcement make up a complete system. We can draw on the experience of USA in setting and enforcing of aquatic environment standards in China.