归纳推理合理性的心理学辩护

The Psychological Defense for the Rationality of Inductive Inference

归纳推理在哲学、科学、心理学以及日常生活中都具有重要作用。我们通过归纳推理将知识组织成有用的结构。休谟首先对归纳推理的合理性提出质疑,后来的学者对归纳推理合理性的逻辑辩护都失败了,其根本原因在于数学逻辑不适于描述归纳推理。归纳推理实质上是心理事件而不是数学事件,它所依赖的生活事件集合与数学集合具有完全不同的结构。从心理归纳的角度讲,归纳推理发生在人、知识、情境的三维空间中,其目的是适应性。从适应性的角度,心理归纳的合理性能够得到充要的证明。

Inductive reasoning played an important role in philosophy,science,psychology,and the daily life.We organized our knowledge into useful structures by inductive reasoning.Hume first raised the question about the rationality of inductive reasoning;many scholars since then have been defeated to defend it in the framework of formal logic.We reckoned the ultimate reason of their failure was that the mathematical logic was not suitable for describing the inductive reasoning.Actually,inductive reasoning was a psychological event rather than a mathematical event,and the life event set on which it relied had entirely different structure compared with the mathematical set.From the psychological induction perspective,inductive reasoning occurred in a three-dimensional space consisting of human,knowledge,and situation,and its goal was to accommodate ourselves to circumstances.We argued that the rationality of psychological induction could be demonstrated sufficiently and necessarily from the angle of adaptability.