西方心理学的两种向度——科学主义心理学与人文主义心理学

Two Dimensions of Western Psychology——Scientism Psychology and Humanistic Psychology

科学主义心理学亦称自然科学心理学,是指一种以自然科学为价值定向的心理学研究取向,它坚持心理学的自然科学观和实证主义的客观实验范式,力图建构以自然科学为模板的心理学理论模式。人文主义心理学亦称人文科学心理学,是指一种以人文科学为价值定向的心理学研究取向,它坚持心理学的人文科学观和现象学(存在主义、解释学)的主观经验范式,力图建构以人文科学为模板的心理学理论模式。科学主义心理学与人文主义心理学在心理学的科学观、对象观、方法学以及理论观等方面都存在着两极对立的倾向,表现出相互对立的理论特征,代表了心理学研究中的两种不同的价值取向,是西方心理学的两种向度。

Scientism psychology,which is also called natural scientific psychology,refers to a kind of psychological research orientation with the natural science asvalue orientation.It advocates the view of natural science and the objective experimental model of the positivism,attempting to construct the psychological theoretic mode with a template of natural science.Humanistic psychology,which is also called humanistic scientific psychology,refers to a kind of psychological research or irentation with the humanistic science as value orientation.It advocates me view of humanistic science and the subjective experiential model of phenomenology(existentialism,hermeneutics),attempting to construct the psychological theoretic mode with the template of humanistic science.There is a tendency between polar opposites of scientism psychology and humanistic psychology in scientific view,object view,methodology,theoretic view and so on.These are two dimensions of western psychology,not only demonstrate contradictory theoretic character,and represent two different value orientations in psychological research.