走向日常生活的人道化——论卢卡奇与赫勒的日常生活批判理论

Humanization:Heading for Everyday Life——On Lukacs' and Heller's critique theory of everyday life

20世纪以来,日常生活作为哲学研究的对象进入了研究的视野,在对人类生活现状的忧虑与反思中,处于不同生存背景和文化差异下的许多哲学家都不约而同地把目光聚集到了这一领域。其中,卢卡奇与赫勒都试图通过实现日常生活的人道化来克服人类存在的危机,然而他们理论的视角却存在着差异,并且呈现出一种逻辑递进关系。卢卡奇试图运用科学和艺术打破日常生活自在的合类性,从而克服人性分裂的危机;而赫勒把日常生活批判从审美视野推向了生存视阈,她更关注日常生活结构的改变,旨在实现人的生存方式的变革。二人对日常生活的分析和批判深化了马克思主义哲学的微观维度。

Since the 20th century,everyday life has been studied by philosophy as a subject.In the introspection and apprehension toward current conditions of human life,many philosophers with various living backgrounds and cultural difference incredibly came to focus on this field.Among them,Lukacs and Heller attempted to overcome the crises humankind was confronting by realizing the humanization of everyday life.However,their theoretical perspectives differed,showing a kind of logical progression.Lukacs employed science and arts to break the category of being inherited from everyday life,thereby overcoming the crisis of human nature division.Heller extended the critique on daily life to survival horizon from aesthetic perspective,and she paid more attention on the changes of daily life structure,aiming to realize the revolution of man＇s survival way.Their analysis and critique on everyday life deepened Marxist philosophy in micro-dimension.