“大跃进”期间的深耕土地运动

Movement of Deep Plowing Land during the"Great Leap Forward"

1957～1958年,毛泽东对山东省厉家寨村和河南省长葛县深翻土地增产经验的总结报告充分肯定,号召全国学习,通过深翻土地达到增产目的。1958年8月,中共中央发出指示,要求全国在两三年内,将一切可能深耕的土地全部深耕一尺以上。全国掀起了轰轰烈烈的深耕土地热潮。在运动中,各地积极组织学习长葛县的深翻土地方法和经验,开展群众性深翻土地"大会战"。科研人员也积极研制和改造深翻农机具,总结和论证深翻措施及效果,开展深翻土地创高产试验。尽管通过深耕土地达到增产在一定的科学范围内是可行的,但1958年全国性的深耕土地运动,在翻土深度、进度和数量上层层加码,出现了许多盲目蛮干的事例,未能取得预期的增产效果。

From 1957 to 1958,Mao Zedong fully affirmed the summary report of Lijiazhai village of Shandong Province and Changge county of Henan Province on production increase by deep plowing land,and called the whole country to learn to increase the production through the deep plowing land. In August,1958,Central Committee of the CPC gave directives to demand the whole country to deep plow all possible land one Chi deep or more in two to three years.China launched a vigorous boom of deep plowing land.In the movement,all parts of the country actively learned the methods and experience of Changge County's deep plowing land and launched the'great battle'of deep plowing land by people.Researchers actively developed and transformed agricultural machinery and tools of deep plowing, summarized and demonstrated the measures and effects of deep plowing,and carried out high-yield tests of deep plowing.Though by deep plowing to get production increase is feasible within a certain scientific scope,but the movement of deep plowing land all over of country in 1958 caused many reckless instances by raising the quota in the plowing depth,the tempo and number,which has not obtained expected effects of production increase.