广东省畜牧粪便中喹诺酮类和磺胺类抗生素的含量与分布特征研究

Occurrence of Quinolone and Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Swine and Cattle Manures from Large-scale Feeding Operations of Guangdong Province

利用超声提取-高效液相色谱技术分析广东省20个规模化猪牛养殖场粪便中4种喹诺酮类(QNs)和4种磺胺类(SAs)抗生素的含量与分布特征.结果表明,猪粪中喹诺酮类和磺胺类化合物均全部被检出,前者总含量(ΣQNs,鲜重,下同)在24.5～1516.2μg/kg之间,平均为581.0μg/kg,以恩诺沙星和环丙沙星为主;后者总含量(ΣSAs)在1 925.9～13 399.5μg/kg之间,平均为4 403.9μg/kg,以磺胺甲基嘧啶和磺胺甲唑为主.牛粪中喹诺酮类化合物也全部被检出,磺胺类化合物检出率在90%以上,ΣQNs在73.2～1 328.0μg/kg之间,平均为572.9μg/kg,以诺氟沙星和环丙沙星为主;ΣSAs在1 039.4～15 930.3μg/kg之间,平均为3 787.7μg/kg,以磺胺甲唑和磺胺甲基嘧啶为主.不同地区畜牧粪便中喹诺酮类和磺胺类化合物的含量与组成特征有明显差异,广州市猪粪和牛粪中两类抗生素的含量均较高,而佛山市、深圳市牛粪中磺胺-5-甲氧嘧啶和磺胺二甲嘧啶均低于检测限.

The occurrence and distribution of four quinolones and four sulfonamides in swine and cattle feces sampled from twenty large-scale feeding operations in different areas of Guangdong province were detected using solid phase extraction（SPE） and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）.Quinolone and sulfonamide compounds were observed in all pig dung samples.Their total concentrations ranged from 24.5 μg /kg to 1 516.2 μg /kg（F.W.）with an average of 581.0 μg /kg and ranged from 1 925.9-13 399.5 μg/kg with an average of 4 403.9 μg/kg respectively.The dominant compounds in pig feces were ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin for quinolones and sulfamerazine and sulfamethoxazole for sulfonamides.Quinolone compounds which dominated with norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were also observed in all cattle dung samples,its total concentrations ranged from 73.2 μg /kg to 1 328.0 μg /kg which averaged 572.9 μg /kg.While the positive rates of sulfonamide compounds detected in cattle dung samples were above 90%,predominated by sulfamethoxazole and sulfamerazine.Concentration and distribution of both quinolone and sulfonamide compounds in swine and cattle dungs of different feeding operations varied greatly.Relatively high concentrations of the two kinds of antibiotics were found in both swine and cattle dungs from Guangzhou area,while sulfameter and sulfamethazine in cattle dungs from Foshan and Shenzhen areas were below the limit of dedection.