华南地区花生生产与品质特征的研究

Characteristics of Production and Quality of Peanut in South China

为了引导和深化华南地区花生生产的区域分工,高效合理地利用农业资源,提升花生产品的质量,基于GIS技术和数理统计方法,对该区花生生产与品质特征进行了研究。结果表明:该区花生种植规模与产量在全国占有重要地位,产区相对集中,单产水平较低,增产潜力较大,花生用途区域差异明显,深加工已见雏形。受生态条件所限,生产上应用的品种主要是珍珠豆型花生,其品质属食用高蛋白、油用高脂肪,且O/L比值普遍较高,有利于增强花生制品的稳定性。在空间分布上,花生蛋白质含量分布趋势不明显,而脂肪含量由西向东逐渐降低,花生O/L比值呈现由北向南增加的趋势。海南岛地区花生O/L比值偏低,这与生育期降雨量偏低有关。气候与土壤肥力条件是影响花生蛋白质、脂肪含量及O/L比值高低和空间分布的主导因子。

In order to guide and deepen the regional division work,utilize agriculture resource efficiently,and improve the product quality of peanut in South China,the characteristics of production and quality of peanut were studied based on GIS technology and mathematical statistics.The results showed that the planting scale and yield of peanut in this region played an important role in China,the production area was relatively concentrated and the unit yield was lower than other regions.But the production potential was promising.Diversified products based on peanut could be available.Influenced by ecological conditions,the Spanish type peanut was mainly planted in this region.The peanut had high protein and high fat content with relatively high O/L ratio which could increase the stability of peanut products.In the spatial distribution,the protein content of peanut was of no distinct diferrence,and the fat content of peanut was lower from west to east,and the O/L of peanut was higher from south to north.The O/L ratio of peanut in Hainan Island was lower with related to low rainfall in the growing period of peanut.The climate and soil fertility of the region were the dominating factors which affected the fat content,protein content,the O/L ratio and its spatial distribution of the peanut.