第11届全运会女子三级跳远运动员三跳技术的运动学分析

Kinematic analysis of triple jump techniques of women triple jumpers in the 11^(th) National Games

对参加第11届全运会田径比赛女子三级跳远决赛前8名运动员三跳技术的相关运动学参数进行研究,结果表明:我国女子三级跳远运动员助跑绝对速度和起跳速度利用率较差,只有8.96 m/s和95.5%,与世界女子三级跳运动员的9.41 m/s和98.2%相比,差异具有显著性(P<0.01);起跳脚着地与离地瞬间身体重心水平速度较差,只有8.71 m/s,与世界选手的9.33 m/s相比,差异有非常显著性(P<0.01);单足跳与跨步跳时的身体重心腾起角度适宜,分别为(17.19±4.37)°、(15.07±4.12)°,但最后跳跃的身体重心腾起角过大(23.57±4.12)°,超过世界运动员的16°~20°;三跳的支撑总时间较长,起跳效果不理想。

The authors studied kinematic parameters relating to triple jump techniques of top 8 triple jumpers par-ticipating in women triple jump final in track and field competition in the 11th National Games,and revealed the following findings： women triple jumpers in China had a poor absolute run-up speed and a poor take-off speed utilization rate,which were respectively 8.96 m/s and 95.5%,significantly different from 9.41 m/s and 98.2% achieved by world triple jumpers（P0.01）;at the moment the take-off leg lands and takes off,their body center of gravity had a poor horizontal speed,which was only 8.71 m/s,very significantly different from world 9.33 m/s（P0.01）;during hopping and striding,their body center of gravity had appropriate lift-off angles,which were re-spectively（17.19±4.37）° and（15.07±4.12）°,but at the last leap,their body center of gravity had a too big lift-off angle,which was（23.57±4.12）°,bigger than 16°~20° achieved by world triple jumpers;their triple jump duration was relatively long,and their take-off effect was not ideal.