谈民国湖南合作救灾——以中国华洋义赈救灾总会湖南分会为个案

On Relief Cooperation of the Republic of China in Hunan Province——Acase Study of Hunan Branch of China International Charity Relief Commission

20世纪20、30年代,合作思潮演变为一场规模较大的合作运动。由中国华洋义赈救灾总会湖南分会举办的合作救灾实现了农赈和合作制的联姻,颇有声势和特色,且影响深远。在湖南合作救灾事业中,各种社会力量纷纷卷入其中,并力图按照自己的意愿主导、制约运动的发展方向,这就决定了这场运动的多元化与复杂性,其发展道路始终充满着艰辛与曲折,湖南合作救灾事业终究未能摆脱国民党专制政治的束缚和制约,最终蜕变为国民党官僚垄断资本对农民进行经济盘剥的工具,其历史局限性是显而易见的。

The cooperation trend became a larger scale of cooperative movement in the 1920s and 1930s.The relief cooperation held by China International Charity Relief Commission,Hunan branch,realized the cooperation between agricultural relief and cooperative system.And,with its unique feature,it was strong and influential.It involved various social forces,which tried to restrict the development of cooperation by doing things according to their own interests,and presented the features of diversification and complexity that made its way ahead full of hardships.Therefore,the relief cooperation in Hunan province didn＇t break away from the restrictions of the autocracy of Kuomintang and eventually turned into a tool used by the Kuomintang bureaucrat monopoly capital to exploit peasants.It had its obvious historical limitations.